Visual interactive interface design based on inverse deformation model

Abstract

Programmable morphing surfaces are gaining attention in soft robots, interactive systems, and foldable structures. This study presents a modular surface composed of local actuators and adjustable mechanical linkages. A spatial control scheme was applied to guide deformation based on predefined motion codes. In tests, the surface achieved a vertical displacement of 28 mm with less than 3.2% error and full recovery in 1.6 s. Compared to traditional single-point actuation systems, this method shows better flexibility, lower power use, and stronger scalability. The results suggest that the proposed design is suitable for applications in reconfigurable displays, biomedical tools, and lightweight devices.