Research Progress and Treatment Strategy of Asthma

Abstract

Asthma, as a common respiratory disease, is primarily caused by airway inflammation and airway wall remodeling, which are also its key pathological features. Its development is closely related to genetic, environmental, and immune system abnormalities. Asthma presents in a variety of phenotypes, including allergic, non-allergic, adult-onset, and persistent airflow limitation types, and these phenotypes may vary with age, gender, and environmental factors. In terms of treatment, inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting β2 receptor agonists, and biologics have become standard therapeutic approaches. In recent years, biologics have provided new treatment hope for T2-high asthma, but further research is still needed for T2-low asthma treatment. Therefore, this review summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms, disease classification criteria, and current treatment and prevention strategies of asthma, aiming to provide insights for future exploration of the disease's underlying mechanisms and innovative treatment methods, to alleviate the disease burden and improve patients' health outcomes.