Genetic Modification of Microorganisms: Applications in Industry and Medicine

Abstract

Genetic modification of microorganisms has revolutionized various industries and medical fields by enhancing microbial capabilities and enabling new applications. This article explores the advances in genetic engineering techniques used to modify microorganisms, focusing on their applications in industrial processes and medical treatments. By discussing key technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 and plasmid-based systems, the article highlights how genetic modifications have led to improved production of pharmaceuticals, biofuels, and enzymes, as well as advancements in gene therapy and diagnostics. The paper also addresses the ethical and safety considerations associated with these modifications, offering a balanced view of their benefits and challenges.