Nano-Enhanced Biodegradable Packaging Materials for Extended Food Shelf-Life

Abstract

Conventional plastic packaging, while effective in food preservation, poses significant environmental threats due to its non-biodegradable nature. In response, biodegradable packaging materials enhanced with nanotechnology have emerged as promising alternatives, offering sustainable and functional solutions to extend food shelf-life. This paper reviews recent advancements in nano-enhanced biodegradable packaging, focusing on materials such as starch, cellulose, chitosan, and polylactic acid (PLA) integrated with nanoparticles like nanoclay, silver, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide. The inclusion of these nanoparticles significantly improves mechanical strength, barrier properties, and antimicrobial activity, thus effectively delaying spoilage and enhancing food safety. Experimental results from recent studies demonstrate improved shelf-life and reduced microbial contamination compared to conventional biodegradable and non-biodegradable packaging. Despite their potential, concerns regarding nanoparticle migration, consumer acceptance, regulatory compliance, and cost-effectiveness must be addressed to facilitate widespread adoption. Overall, nano-enhanced biodegradable packaging represents a critical advancement toward sustainable food preservation technologies.