Understanding Catalyst Deactivation: Mechanisms and Materials Solutions

Abstract

Catalyst deactivation poses significant challenges in industrial catalytic processes, impacting efficiency and economic viability. This paper provides a comprehensive review of catalyst deactivation mechanisms, including poisoning, fouling, sintering, and thermal degradation. We explore material solutions aimed at mitigating these issues, emphasizing advancements in catalyst design, support materials, and regeneration techniques. By examining recent research and developments, this paper highlights the strategies to enhance catalyst longevity and performance. The insights presented are intended to guide the development of more robust catalysts and improve the sustainability of catalytic processes.