Carbon-Based Catalysts: Graphene and Beyond in Modern Catalytic Applications

Abstract

Carbon-based catalysts, particularly graphene and its derivatives, have emerged as revolutionary materials in the field of catalysis due to their unique structural, electronic, and chemical properties. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the use of graphene and other carbon-based materials in catalytic applications. We explore the synthesis, modification, and functionalization of these catalysts, their performance in various reactions, and their potential for future innovations. By examining case studies and recent developments, we highlight the role of carbon-based catalysts in enhancing reaction efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability across multiple domains, including energy conversion, environmental remediation, and chemical synthesis.